fedora-docs-l10n/fedora-system-administrat - Chinese (Simplified) @ Fedora Weblate: Viewing and Managing Log Files

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	English	Chinese (Simplified)	Actions
	Viewing and Managing Log Files	查看和管理日志文件
	indexterm:[log files,System Log]indexterm:[log files,description] _Log files_ are files that contain messages about the system, including the kernel, services, and applications running on it. There are different log files for different information. For example, there is a default system log file, a log file just for security messages, and a log file for cron tasks.	indexterm:[log files,System Log]indexterm:[log files,description] _Log files_ 是包含系统信息的文件，包括内核、服务和运行在系统上的应用程序。不同的信息有不同的日志文件。例如，有一个默认的系统日志文件、一个专门用于安全消息的日志文件和一个用于cron任务的日志文件。
	Log files can be very useful when trying to troubleshoot a problem with the system such as trying to load a kernel driver or when looking for unauthorized login attempts to the system. This chapter discusses where to find log files, how to view log files, and what to look for in log files. indexterm:[log files,rsyslogd daemon]indexterm:[rsyslog] Some log files are controlled by a daemon called `rsyslogd`. The `rsyslogd` daemon is an enhanced replacement for [application]sysklogd, and provides extended filtering, encryption protected relaying of messages, various configuration options, input and output modules, support for transportation via the `TCP` or `UDP` protocols. Note that [application]rsyslog is compatible with [application]sysklogd.	当试图排除系统问题时，如试图加载内核驱动程序或寻找未经授权的系统登录尝试，日志文件可能非常有用。本章讨论到哪里查找日志文件，如何查看日志文件，以及在日志文件中查找什么。indexterm:[log files,rsyslogd daemon]indexterm:[rsyslog] 某些日志文件由守护进程 `rsyslogd` 控制。`rsyslogd` 守护进程是对 [application]sysklogd 的一个增强的替代，并提供了扩展的消息过滤、加密保护、各种配置选项、输入和输出模块，支持通过 `TCP` 或 `UDP` 协议传输。请注意， [application]rsyslog 与 [application]sysklogd 兼容。
	Log files can also be managed by the `journald` daemon – a component of `systemd`. The `journald` daemon captures Syslog messages, kernel log messages, initial RAM disk and early boot messages as well as messages written to standard output and standard error output of all services, indexes them and makes this available to the user. The native journal file format, which is a structured and indexed binary file, improves searching and provides faster operation, and it also stores meta data information like time stamps or user IDs. Log files produced by `journald` are by default not persistent, log files are stored only in memory or a small ring-buffer in the `/run/log/journal/` directory. The amount of logged data depends on free memory, when you reach the capacity limit, the oldest entries are deleted. However, this setting can be altered – see xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage[Enabling Persistent Storage]. For more information on Journal see xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s1-Using_the_Journal[Using the Journal].	日志文件也可以由 `systemd` 的组件 `journald` 守护进程管理。 `journald` 守护进程捕获Syslog消息、内核日志消息、初始RAM磁盘和早期引导消息，以及所有服务写入标准输出和标准错误输出的消息，对它们进行索引，并让用户可以使用这些消息。本机日志文件格式是结构化和索引的二进制文件，它改进了搜索并提供了更快的操作，还存储了时间戳或用户id等元数据信息。由 `journald` 生成的日志文件默认情况下是不持久的，日志文件只存储在内存中或 `/run/Log/journal/` 目录下的一个小的循环缓冲区中。日志数据的数量取决于可用内存，当您达到容量限制时，最老的条目将被删除。但是，这个设置可以被修改，参阅 xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s2-Enabling_Persistent_Storage[Enabling Persistent Storage]。有关日志的更多信息，请参阅 xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s1-Using_the_Journal[Using the Journal]。
	By default, only `journald` is installed on your system. You have to install rsyslog youself. Also do not forget to enable and start it after install before continuing with rest of this guide. The `journald` daemon is the primary tool for troubleshooting. It also provides additional data necessary for creating structured log messages. Data acquired by `journald` is forwarded into the `/run/systemd/journal/syslog` socket that may be used by `rsyslogd` to process the data further. However, [application]rsyslog does the actual integration by default via the `imjournal` input module, thus avoiding the aforementioned socket. You can also transfer data in the opposite direction, from `rsyslogd` to `journald` with use of `omjournal` module. See xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal[Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal] for further information. The integration enables maintaining text-based logs in a consistent format to ensure compatibility with possible applications or configurations dependent on `rsyslogd`. Also, you can maintain rsyslog messages in a structured format (see xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog[Structured Logging with Rsyslog]).	默认情况下，系统上只安装 `journald`。你必须自己安装 rsyslog。在继续本指南的其余部分之前，不要忘记在安装之后启用并启动它。`journald` 守护进程是故障排除的主要工具。它还提供了创建结构化日志消息所需的额外数据。`journald` 获取的数据被转发到 `/run/systemd/journal/syslog` 套接字，`rsyslogd` 可能会使用该套接字进一步处理数据。然而，[application]rsyslog 在默认情况下通过 `imjournal` 输入模块进行实际的集成，从而避免了前面提到的套接字。您也可以使用 `omjournal` 模块以相反的方向，从 `rsyslogd` 到 `journald` 传输数据。详细信息请参见 xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal[Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal]。该集成支持以一致的格式维护基于文本的日志，以确保与可能依赖于 `rsyslogd` 的应用程序或配置的兼容性。另外，你可以用结构化的格式来维护 rsyslog 消息（参见 xref:Viewing_and_Managing_Log_Files.adoc#s1-structured_logging_with_rsyslog[Structured Logging with Rsyslog])。
	Locating Log Files	定位日志文件
	indexterm:[log files,locating] A list of log files maintained by `rsyslogd` can be found in the `/etc/rsyslog.conf` configuration file. Most log files are located in the `/var/log/` directory. Some applications such as [command]#httpd# and [command]#samba# have a directory within `/var/log/` for their log files. indexterm:[log files,rotating]indexterm:[logrotate] You may notice multiple files in the `/var/log/` directory with numbers after them (for example, `cron-20100906`). These numbers represent a time stamp that has been added to a rotated log file. Log files are rotated so their file sizes do not become too large. The `logrotate` package contains a cron task that automatically rotates log files according to the `/etc/logrotate.conf` configuration file and the configuration files in the `/etc/logrotate.d/` directory.	indexterm:[log files,locating] 在 /etc/rsyslog.conf 配置文件中可以找到由 `rsyslogd` 维护的日志文件列表。大多数日志文件位于 `/var/log/` 目录下。一些应用程序，如 [command]#httpd# 和 [command]#samba# 在 `/var/log/` 中有一个目录来存放它们的日志文件。indexterm:[log files,rotating]indexterm:[logrotate] 你可能会注意到 `/var/log/` 目录下有多个文件后面都有数字（例如，`cron-20100906`）。这些数字表示已添加到轮换日志文件中的时间戳。日志文件被轮转，因此它们的文件大小不会变得太大。`logrotate` 包，包含一个cron任务，该任务根据 `/etc/logrotate.conf` 配置文件和 `/etc/logrotate.d/` 目录中的配置文件自动轮换日志文件。
	Basic Configuration of Rsyslog	Rsyslog 的基本配置
	indexterm:[rsyslog,configuration] The main configuration file for [application]rsyslog is `/etc/rsyslog.conf`. Here, you can specify _global directives_, _modules_, and _rules_ that consist of _filter_ and _action_ parts. Also, you can add comments in the form of text following a hash sign (`#`).	rsyslog 的主要配置文件是 /etc/rsyslog.conf 。在这里，您可以指定由 filter 和 action 部分组成的 global directives、modules 和 rules。此外，您可以在井号 (#) 后以文本形式添加注释。
	Filters	过滤器
	indexterm:[rsyslog,filters] A rule is specified by a filter part, which selects a subset of syslog messages, and an action part, which specifies what to do with the selected messages. To define a rule in your `/etc/rsyslog.conf` configuration file, define both, a filter and an action, on one line and separate them with one or more spaces or tabs.	indexterm:[rsyslog,filters]规则由 filter 部分指定，它选择 syslog 消息的子集，以及用选定的消息做什么的 action 部分。要在 `/etc/rsyslog.conf` 配置文件中定义规则，请在一行上定义过滤器和操作，并用一个或多个空格或制表符分隔它们。
	[application]rsyslog offers various ways to filter syslog messages according to selected properties. The available filtering methods can be divided into Facility/Priority-based, Property-based, and Expression-based filters.	[application]rsyslog 提供了多种方法来根据选定的属性过滤 syslog 消息。可用的过滤方法可分为 Facility/Priority-based、Property-based 和 Expression-based 过滤器。
	Facility/Priority-based filters	基于设施/优先级的过滤器
	The most used and well-known way to filter syslog messages is to use the facility/priority-based filters which filter syslog messages based on two conditions: _facility_ and _priority_ separated by a dot. To create a selector, use the following syntax:	过滤系统日志消息最常用和众所周知的方法是使用基于设施/优先级的过滤器，它根据两个条件过滤系统日志消息：_facility_ 和 _priority_ 用点分隔。要创建选择器，请使用以下语法：
	_FACILITY_._PRIORITY_	_FACILITY_._PRIORITY_
	where:	其中：

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